In schema therapy, a mode is defined as a momentary state that integrates emotions, cognitions, bodily sensations, and coping responses, reflecting how a person experiences themselves and others in a given situation (Young, Klosko, & Weishaar, 2003; Rafaeli, Bernstein, & Young, 2011). Modes are more fluid than schemas—they shift depending on context and can rapidly change within the same day (Arntz & van Genderen, 2009).
Modes in schema therapy are grouped into four main categories (Young, Klosko, & Weishaar, 2003; Arntz & van Genderen, 2009):
- Child modes: These are emotional states that resemble how you feel. They can be positive (happy child) or negative (vulnerable child, angry child, impulsive child, etc.).
- Parent modes: These are internalized voices of your parents or caregivers. They can be supportive (healthy parent) or critical (punitive parent, demanding parent, etc.).
- Coping modes: These are ways of dealing with your schemas and emotions. They can be adaptive (problem-solving, self-care, etc.) or maladaptive (surrendering, avoiding, overcompensating, etc.) (Rafaeli, Bernstein, & Young, 2011).
- Healthy adult mode: This is the optimal mode that schema therapy aims to develop. It is a balanced and realistic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving that meets your needs and respects others (Young et al., 2003).
You can also consult a therapist who specializes in schema therapy if you want to learn more about your modes and how to change them (Arntz & van Genderen, 2009).
References
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. Guilford Press.
Arntz, A., & van Genderen, H. (2009). Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder. Wiley-Blackwell.
Rafaeli, E., Bernstein, D. P., & Young, J. E. (2011). Schema therapy: Distinctive features. Routledge.